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diagnosis differential causes potassium hypokalemia treatment high hypernatremia hyponatremia low neurology rhabdomyolysis urine workup acute alkalosis chloride chronic drugs encephalopathy
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... • Refeeding syndrome ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
• IV Fluids Shift ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... function) - Loop diuretic ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mechanism 2) Volume Status ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
associated with hypokalemia ... - Shift from extracellular ... overdose) - Sodium ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... starts by measuring ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... in 4 mL) - IV sodium ... mL/min) - Oral sodium ... #Algorithm #Management ... Chronic #treatment #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... #hypokalemia ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... Assess volume status ... volume loss - diuretics ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• K sparing diuretics ... Intracellular Shift ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Hyperosmolar states ... potassium #high #nephrology
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