38 results
diagnosis differential algorithm clinical hyperkalemia hypokalemia ophthalmology kidney management potassium ultrasound workup hemorrhage pharmacology vitreous acute classification hematuria high hypomagnesemia
Retinal Detachment on Ocular POCUS 61yo male with painless visual loss right eye. Ocular POCUS reveals...? Great
Retinal Detachment ... on Ocular POCUS ... Ocular POCUS reveals ... Great POCUS case ... #Detachment #Ocular
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 Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
intake, Gl loss, shift ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... magnesium loss if renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
thrombosis • Renal ... Sickle cell) • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use • Redistribution/
Redistribution/ Shift ... bone syndrome • Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #phosphate
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... ) - Prerenal, Renal ... Postrenal PRE-RENAL ... Vascular occlusion RENAL ... Infection POST-RENAL
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal ... protein-electrophoresis, renal ... markers • Cardio-renal
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea pH Normal 1. Decreased Mg 2. Intracellular Shift
Intracellular Shift ... Renal artery stenosis ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
• IV Fluids Shift ... (if preserved renal ... peaks 1-2h) • Blood ... management #potassium #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
Hypokalemia - Shift ... Extrarenal Laxatives - Renal ... pump inhibitor - Renal ... Antimicrobials Drug-induced renal ... #Causes #hypomg
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... potassium #high #nephrology
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