11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... vomiting) • Low K ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Urine K+ <13 mEq ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #urine #potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... loss • Renal ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm
To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Algorithm To assess ... (K⁺ <3.5 mEq/L) ... values suggest renal ... K wasting. ... #nephrology #low
KDIGO Treatment algorithm for management of acute hyperkalemia in the emergency department
 • Place on cardiac
KDIGO Treatment ... depletion • Consider K+ ... #treatment #potassium ... #high #nephrology ... #KDIGO
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia ... Elevated Renin Urine ... K+ wasting - Inappropriate ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
(renal potassium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Sjögren syndrome, Renal ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm
ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
Treatment Algorithm ... >6.5 Or renal insufficiency ... cardiac membrane Shift ... Remove potassium ... #Treatment #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
- Renal Failure ... reabsorption) Workup ... lysis) ± Urine ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... #potassium #nephrology