33 results
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... → Increased urine ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Syndrome ... than females Guillain-Barre ... Pathophysiology ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #neurology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Urine K+ <13 mEq ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... loss: Diarrhea Urine ... HCO3- • Low Urine ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
diagnosis with direct urine ... Failure to acidify urine ... Distal #Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology #Causes
The Urine / Plasma Electrolyte Ratio - Guide to Fluid Restriction in Hyponatremia
 • U/P Ratio
The Urine / Plasma ... MD @NephroMD #Urine ... Hyponatremia #diagnosis #management ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 4 - 

Failure to acidify urine in collecting duct
Failure to acidify urine ... Hyperkalemic #Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology #RenalTubular
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
• IV Fluids Shift ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
leukemia Measure Urine ... Transcellular Shift ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Magnesium Absorption and Pathophysiology 
Magnesium Absorption: 
 • absorbed in the GIT — small intestine, Saturable
Absorption and Pathophysiology ... 5% excreted in urine ... Magnesium #Absorption #Pathophysiology ... Mg #transport #nephrology