15 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
to diarrhea, a high ... Urine chloride is high ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Differential Algorithm Acidosis ... Intracellular Shift ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
↑ ↓ Resp Alkalosis ... 0.8 Normal + High ... 0.8-2.0 Pure High ... of High Anion Gap ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Renal tubular acidosis ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
• Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... anion-gap metabolic acidosis ... , Respiratory Alkalosis ... , High Lactate, ... Low Potassium, Low
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... and chronic) Causes ... Potassium-sparing ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... 130 mEq/L • Potassium ... transcellular shift ... • Saline Causes ... densa receives high