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diagnosis hyperkalemia differential algorithm hypokalemia pharmacology binders effects lactated low lr management normal ns pseudohyperkalemia reverse ringers saline table treatment
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Medications 2. ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Medications 2. ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma): • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... patients sensitive to high ... #Binding #Hyperkalemia ... #medications #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #nephrology #low
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... 130 mEq/L • Potassium ... trial • Minimal K ... transcellular shift ... densa receives high
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... only if no clear cause ... Treatments: • K-Binding ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework • Cellular Shift: - Exercise
Framework • Cellular Shift ... - Metabolic Acidosis ... hyperosmolality - Medications ... to Aldosterone: K ... #potassium #high
Pseudohyperkalemia vs Reverse Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia and reverse pseudohyperkalemia are both conditions where potassium levels appear falsely elevated. Pseudohyperkalemia: This
Causes: • Thrombocytosis ... potassium is high ... • ECG findings ... K+, consider pseudohyperkalemia ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
urine Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... Tubulopathy: urine K/ ... correcting serum potassium ... Other medications ... differential #algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... extracellular shift ... Acidosis B. ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification
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