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diagnosis differential algorithm causes hypokalemia hyperkalemia management workup high hypomagnesemia hypophosphatemia phosphate treatment urine alkalosis binders calcium canal chloride comparison
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... vomiting) • Low ... Transcellular shifts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
= (urine magnesium ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... of magnesium into ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... potassium intracellularly ... Sodium bicarbonate Potassium ... #nephrology
Distribution of Magnesium in the Body 66% in Bones 33% in Muscles 1% in Serum • 60-70% Free (ionized)
Distribution of Magnesium ... 10% Complexed w/ low ... deniise_am #Magnesium ... Distribution #Mg #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism • High
Algorithm • Low ... Magnesium, High ... Magnesium - Functional ... High Phosphate, Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... EABV, Low Plasma ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... (K) & magnesium( ... consumption • Low ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
filling of bucket (low ... (transcellular shift ... Causes #workup #nephrology
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