14 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... vomiting) • Low ... Transcellular shifts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
= (urine magnesium ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... of magnesium into ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... EABV, Low Plasma ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... (K) & magnesium( ... consumption • Low ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification
Phosphate Binders - Pros and Cons

Calcium carbonate (TumsTM) 
 - Most inexpensive, antacid properties useful for
Low pill burden. ... Magnesium based ... Low pill burden ... Phosphate #Binders #Table ... #Pharmacology #Nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Transcellular shift ... Gittelman's syndrome • Magnesium ... artery stenosis Low ... Hyperaldosteronism Low ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... per day until stable ... causes #treatment #nephrology