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diagnosis causes hyperkalemia nephrology high treatment comparison druginduced effects gitelman hypokalemia lactated lr medications normal ns ringers saline summary syndrome
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... Benyzlpenicillin, blood ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Differential Diagnosis ... and Management ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Management ... UA positive for blood ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... lysis syndrome - Rhabdomyolysis ... Blood transfusion
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... lysis syndrome - Rhabdomyolysis ... Blood transfusion
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Can give with blood ... - Citrate in blood ... transcellular shift ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
shift - Acidosis ... load - Potassium ... Transfusion of aged blood ... chemotherapy - Rhabdomyolysis ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Normal or low blood ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... • Seizures • Rhabdomyolysis ... diagnosis #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
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