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differential causes algorithm hyperkalemia management aki high injury classification pharmacology workup syndrome acidosis druginduced hepatology indications low neurology pathophysiology renal
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
Medications for ... goals of acute ... disturbances, shift ... cirrhosis, or kidney ... Table 3 summarizes medications
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 Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia ... #Kidney #Injury ... #nephrology #causes
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
creatinine) • Cell shift ... ↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... #urine #potassium ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
caused by excess potassium ... intake, impaired potassium ... transcellular shifts ... renal function, medication ... dysfunction is common #Diagnosis
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 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework PRE-Renal AKI: • Hypovolemia • Congestion • Medications •
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Differential Diagnosis ... PRE-Renal AKI: • Hypovolemia ... Congestion • Medications ... #nephrology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC shift ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pharmacology #potassium ... #medications #druginduced
Causes of Hypokalemia Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
Causes of Hypokalemia ... transcellular shifts ... .9 Because the kidney ... significantly lower potassium ... hospitalized patients #Diagnosis
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