9 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... Transcellular shift ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Classification
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts ... plasma insulin (treatment ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - ... Management Summary Causes ... Shift of extracellular ... Loop diuretics for ... Diagnosis #Management #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Shift of extracellular ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes ... #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... Intracellular Shift ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Rhabdomyolysis ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... Intracellular Shift ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Rhabdomyolysis ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
or diagnostic tests ... before beginning treatment ... output - Acute pulmonary ... - Compartment syndrome ... #typea #typeb #classification
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Treat underlying cause ... plasmapheresis Hypercalcemia ... → no immediate treatment ... Adjuncts: loop diuretics ... renal failure, pulmonary