23 results
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
Causes of Knee Effusions ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Reactive Syndrome ... #Effusions #causes ... #msk #physicalexam
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Bacteremic spread of the Gram-negative diplococci Neisseria gonorrhoeae. History
and Management ... the preferred test ... accessible joint effusion ... all patients for HIV ... Distal joints, knees
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Management ... Infection (Viral- HIV ... Shift of extracellular ... #causes #treatment
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
and Management ... fungal infection, HIV ... hypophysitis, Sheehan's syndrome ... A STIM test can ... ACTH STIM TEST:
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... important, as early diagnosis ... Non-inflammatory causes ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... consistent with MS
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Summary Causes ... Shift of extracellular ... #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Intracellular Shift ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Bone Deformity / Limp - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Infection
 • Septic Arthritis
 • Cortical Hypertrophy
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Arthritis Other Causes ... Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease Knee ... Patellofemoral Syndrome ... Deformity #Limp #MSK
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... cord infarct • HIV ... • Provocative Tests ... absent anal wink test ... #causes #neurology
Staphylococcus-associated GlomeruloNephritis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
CLINICAL
 • Nephritic syndrome (Casts)
 • Marked proteinuria (may be
• Nephritic syndrome ... (Casts) • Marked ... • No serologic tests ... GlomeruloNephritis #nephrology ... #diagnosis #management