20 results
Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Lower Extremity Edema

Edema occurs when any of the following
- Differential Diagnosis ... type 1 (reflex ... #differential #diagnosis ... #Extremity #PhysicalExam ... #Pathophysiology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Primarily Upper Extremity ... Mixed upper and lower ... bladder and rectal reflex ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... Differential Diagnosis ... extremity reflexes ... #differential #diagnosis
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... #geriatrics #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
sensory • Before diagnosis ... must be absent: lower ... gait, strength, reflexes ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... and Myotomes Reflexes ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... sensory #motor #leg #physicalexam
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
and signs. ... Carpal timel syndrome ... Slow-relaxing reflexes ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis ... #PhysicalExam #
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... and signs below ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... , lower extremity
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... of normal leg reflexes ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Differential Diagnosis ... • Locked-in syndrome ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... • Examine for signs ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam