20 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
high in kidney ... acidosis, a high ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis (HAGMA ... ) - Differential ... #Differential # ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... loads (ammonium chloride ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... Chloride Intoxication ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... AG metabolic acidosis ... AG metabolic acidosis ... renal failure ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... 1.5 mEq/L • Chloride ... development of metabolic ... Hyperchloremia nonanion gap metabolic ... densa receives high
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Chloride ... chloridorrhea - High-volume ... villous adenomas • Renal
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... diuretics after renal ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... acidosis - Cl ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Chloride