11 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
warriors") • Acute ... pre-determined etiology Signs ... TendonRupture #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... pathophysiology #msk
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... HF → no signs of
Malignant Bone Tumors: Pathogenesis of X-ray appearance

 • Metastatic bone tumors (aka. cancerous cells from systemic
Pathogenesis of X-ray ... • Lung. thvroid ... Signs/Symptoms: ... BoneTumors #Malignant #Radiology ... #Diagnosis #XRay
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
anterior sail sign ... can't make A-OK sign ... Elbow #Humerus #Radiology ... #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Orthopedics #MSK
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Pathogenesis, clinical, and radiographic findings

Trauma, Fall on, outstretched arm, Overhead throwing => Abduction
on axillary x-ray ... to glenoid -> Acute ... #Dislocation #Diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Galeazzi Fracture 
Fracture of distal radial shaft with distal radial-ulnar joint disruption. Remember “MUGR” to recall
will be obvious; signs ... Splint: Posterior long ... Radial #Distal #Radiology ... #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Orthopedics #MSK
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Acute Spinal Cord ... Injury #Syndromes #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Posterior Elbow Dislocation
The elbow is the second most commonly dislocated major joint in adults and the
can't make A-OK sign ... Splint: Posterior long ... Dislocation #Posterior #Radiology ... #XRay #Diagnosis ... Orthopedics #Sports #MSK
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... granulomas within the lungs ... and progressive Acute ... anterior/posterior MSK ... #Management #Signs