18 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Losses: • Normal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
) - Differential ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #Differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... metabolic acidosis ... + High AG metabolic ... AG metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... acidosis: Proximal ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... of High-anion Gap ... Renal acidosis ... #Acidosis #differential
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... - Diarrhea pH Normal ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Renal artery stenosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
/low blood pressure ... gap metabolic acidosis ... metabolic acidosis ... acidosis, a high ... #differential #
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Normal ... Diarrhea • Fistula Renal ... Cell Problem - Low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome Overview ... alkalosis • Normal ... or low blood pressure ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tubular acidosis