19 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Normal/low ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... - Diarrhea pH Normal ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... + High AG metabolic ... 2.0 Pure High ... Step 5 - Differential ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Benign Adrenal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperplasia - Often Bilateral
 • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
 • ACTH
Adrenal Mass - Differential ... DHEAS • Low DHEAS ... Hypertension +/- Hypokalemia ... /Alkalosis • Aldosterone ... Non-Functioning Mass • Normal
Low Anion Gap - Various causes and mechanisms of a Low Anion Gap
 • Hypoalbuminemia (1gm
anion gap) • Normal ... anion gap acidosis ... • High Calcium ... AnionGap #causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
) - Differential ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Metabolic #NAGMA #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology