9 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
/low blood pressure ... urine chloride ... Urine chloride is ... , a high urine chloride ... #nephrology #differential
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
) - Differential ... Chloride Intoxication ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Ringers (LR) vs Normal ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... decreased renal blood flow ... Decreased GFR, urine
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... HCO3- • Low Urine ... #differential # ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Metabolic alkalosis • Normal ... or low blood pressure ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm Urine ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Normal ... Loss (Negative urine ... Cell Problem - Low