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diagnosis nephrology algorithm causes potassium metabolic aniongap chloride classification gitelman hyperkalemia hyponatremia hypotonic management metabolicacidosis metabolicalkalosis pathophysiology physiologic syndrome table
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Renal acidosis ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap ... #Nephrology #Differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... Diarrhea • Fistula Renal ... Cell Problem - Low ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap ... #Nephrology #Differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tubular acidosis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Acidosis B. ... the epithelial sodium ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #High
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