16 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... acidosis: Gl tract ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... acidosis, a high ... the excretion of sodium ... #differential #
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... of High-anion Gap ... Renal acidosis ... #Acidosis #differential
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
development of metabolic ... effects with less ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... blood flow and
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... acidosis: Proximal ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Distal RTA is the true Nephrogenic RTA and can be truly divided into
Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis Distal ... variants- the hypokalemic ... distal RTA - A high ... RTA #diagnosis #differential
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #Differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tubular acidosis
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis - Differential ... Diarrhea • Fistula Renal ... Cell Problem - Low ... #Differential #