11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Losses: • Normal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
- Protective effects ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... blood flow and ... #pharmacology #effects
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
) - Differential ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Metabolic #NAGMA #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... Non-reabsorbable anion effect ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
/low blood pressure ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium ... #differential #
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Distal RTA is the true Nephrogenic RTA and can be truly divided into
Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis Distal ... variants- the hypokalemic ... distal RTA - A high ... RTA #diagnosis #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
remember than the normal ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Normal ... Diarrhea • Fistula Renal ... Cell Problem - Low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Metabolic alkalosis • Normal ... or low blood pressure ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tubular acidosis