10 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Normal Acid-Base ... Metabolic acidosis ... #Differential # ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... - Normal/low ... diarrhea, Kidney tubular ... • Normal acid-base ... #Differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... #differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... , Renal tubular ... acidosis (RTA))
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
consumption • Low ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Differentials? ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diarrhea - Renal tubular ... bloodgas #Acid #Base
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... Denosumab, Estrogen based ... #phosphate #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... tobacco, Renal tubular ... acidosis, Postobstructive ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Appropriately Low ... Acute Respiratory Alkalosis ... inhibitor, Estrogen based ... #phosphorus #workup
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Metabolic alkalosis ... filtration rate by tubulo-glomerular ... cause metabolic acidosis