18 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... intake • Metabolic ... acidosis: Gl tract ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... gap metabolic acidosis ... acidosis, a high ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
- Differential ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... acidosis • Succinylcholine ... glycosides • High ... #Differential #
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... of High-anion Gap ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... consumption • Low ... acidosis: Proximal ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... AG metabolic acidosis ... AG metabolic acidosis ... - Renal tubular ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Distal RTA is the true Nephrogenic RTA and can be truly divided into
Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis Distal ... variants- the hypokalemic ... distal RTA - A high ... #diagnosis #differential
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal Tubular ... - Diarrhea - High ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Losses - Impaired tubular ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... syndrome, Renal tubular ... acidosis (RTA))