19 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... gap metabolic acidosis ... high in kidney tubular ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... intake • Metabolic ... acidosis: Gl tract ... and distal RTA, ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... - Normal/low ... diarrhea, Kidney tubular ... gap metabolic acidosis ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... - Differential ... Urine pH > 6.0 - Hypokalemic ... #Acidosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... Chloride Intoxication ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal Tubular ... Acidosis (RTA): ... #Metabolic #NAGMA
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... loads (ammonium chloride ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... syndrome, Renal tubular ... acidosis (RTA))
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Distal RTA is the true Nephrogenic RTA and can be truly divided into
Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis Distal ... variants- the hypokalemic ... #Acidosis #RTA ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
consumption • Low ... acidosis: Proximal ... RTA, Distal RTA ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... - RTA - Diarrhea ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology