12 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... intake • poor oral ... anions • Renal tubular ... acidosisGitelman's
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... • Renal tubular ... acidosis (type ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #differential #
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
) - Differential ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal Tubular ... low/normal Type ... low/normal Type ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
/Normal Blood Pressure ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K- ... ascending limb Gitelman ... acidosis - alpha-Intercalated ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... Metabolic alkalosis • Normal ... or low blood pressure ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... acidosis (RTA))
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Transient renal tubular ... syndromes - Gitelman ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
/low blood pressure ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... high in kidney tubular ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #