9 results
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... - Differential ... Drug induced: Calcium ... , Low PTH: Hypoparathyroidism ... #Differential #
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential ... Extravascular deposition: Hyperphosphatemia ... #Workup #Differential ... #calcium
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
term in severe hyperphosphatemia ... Calcium salt ... Lowers level of low-density ... disease versus calcium ... increased risk of low
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... and Management ... Independent (↑ PTH) • LOW ... Syndrome - Calcium ... endocrinology #differential
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
- Hypophosphatasia ... ALP: Hypophosphatasia ... ALP -> PPi and Calcium ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... Hyperlipidemia - Hypercalcemia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Framework and Management ... Hyperkalemia • Hyperphosphatemia ... • Hypocalcemia ... potassium and calcium
Causes of Constipation in Adults
Most common
 - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake
 - Poor bowel habits
Systemic
- Metabolic: hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia, ... porphyria - Neurologic ... Diuretics - Calcium ... Constipation #Causes #Differential
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
in Children • Calcium ... Xanthine: AR • Calcium ... Syndrome type 1-4, Lowe ... Dent's disease, AD Hypocalcemic ... #differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine, calcium-creatinine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology