10 results
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... surgery, acute phosphate ... Drug induced: Calcium ... , Low PTH: Hypoparathyroidism ... #Hypocalcemia #Differential
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential ... deficiency • Drugs: Calcium ... Extravascular deposition: Hyperphosphatemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #calcium
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... #Differential # ... #nephrology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Low Alkaline Phosphatase ... - Hypophosphatasia ... ALP: Hypophosphatasia ... ALP -> PPi and Calcium ... respiratory failure • Neurologic
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential ... Appropriately Low ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
Commonly Used Phosphate ... term in severe hyperphosphatemia ... Lowers level of low-density ... increased risk of low ... amzn.to/34t5DgJ #Phosphate
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
HYPERCALCIURIA - Calcium ... protein - Low ... - Neutral phosphate ... citrate, neutral phosphate ... #Pediatrics #nephrology
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
in Children • Calcium ... Xanthine: AR • Calcium ... Phosphate: Distal ... Syndrome type 1-4, Lowe ... #differential #
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Framework and Management ... Hyperkalemia • Hyperphosphatemia ... potassium and calcium ... #Diagnosis #Management
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine, calcium-creatinine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology