57 results
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
= (urine magnesium ... )/ [0.7 (serum magnesium ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential ... Magnesium, High ... Magnesium - Functional ... Hypocalcemia #Workup #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Distribution of Magnesium in the Body
66% in Bones
33% in Muscles
1% in Serum
 • 60-70% Free (ionized)
Distribution of Magnesium ... 10% Complexed w/ low ... deniise_am #Magnesium ... Distribution #Mg #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Hypomagnesemia #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Pupils: Localization in Coma
 • Small, Reactive pupils: Metabolic coma.
 • Unilateral Fixed, dilated pupil :
ICH, infarct, Opiate ... Localization #Coma #Neurology ... #differential #
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia Differential ... - Urine sodium low ... and uric acid low ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Uric Acid - Low ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Hypophosphatemia #phosphorus #low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... causes #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... vomiting) • Low ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium