11 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... gap metabolic acidosis ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Potassium-sparing ... loads (ammonium chloride ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Low Anion Gap - Various causes and mechanisms of a Low Anion Gap
 • Hypoalbuminemia (1gm
Low Anion Gap - ... Normal anion gap acidosis ... #AnionGap #causes ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
(K) & magnesium( ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis ... (NAGMA) - Differential ... Chloride Intoxication ... Metabolic #NAGMA #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... - Differential ... Cell Problem - Low ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... other • Severe potassium ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... • Magnesium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... cause metabolic acidosis ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Chloride