10 results
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Diagnosis 1) Start ... 3) Now, look at ... Differential Diagnosis ... Disorders #Evaluation #workup ... Diagnosis #acidosis
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Normal Acid-Base ... Metabolic acidosis ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... the excretion of sodium ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
- Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential # ... #low
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... Denosumab, Estrogen based ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Appropriately Low ... Acute Respiratory Alkalosis ... inhibitor, Estrogen based ... #workup
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
circulation → ↓Mg Hypocalcemia ... Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... dysfunction or low ... metabolism Metabolic alkalosis ... #diagnosis