10 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... of sodium and potassium ... acid salts. ... #differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... Algorithm - Urinary Chloride ... - Normal/low ... poisoning • Normal acid-base ... #Differential #
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Approach to Acid ... Evaluation and Differential ... 3) Now, look at ... Generally, for acid ... #Evaluation #workup
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... secretion • Acid-base ... components of acid-base ... #Chloride
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... Denosumab, Estrogen based ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Appropriately Low ... Acute Respiratory Alkalosis ... inhibitor, Estrogen based ... #phosphorus #workup
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Supplement: • Potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Acid-base ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Vitamin or folic acid ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low
#ICUCard
RENAL
GFR
90-131
mL/min
((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft)
CI Cr
90-131
mL/min
(CrU * volume)/CrS
Creatinine Clearance
FENa
0.0-1.0
%
((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100
Fractional Excretion of Na+
Na req
mEq
(125-Na)*0.6*Wt
Required Sodium
FE Urea
Trans Tubular Potassium ... Osmolar Gap ACID-BASE ... 2)| Metabolic Alkalosis ... base Equation ... -2min Calcium chloride