6030 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
(Heparin) • Sodium-channel ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pharmacology #potassium
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
PRA • ↓ Serum sodium ... • ↑ Serum potassium ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... , potassium, AM ... endocrinology #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... Supplement: • Potassium ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium ... and potassium acid ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
- Differential Diagnosis ... distal tubule sodium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #potassium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... /Potassium - Extreme ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
Furosemide • Sodium ... bicarbonate • Sodium ... Management #Treatment #Potassium
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
with excreting potassium ... while retaining sodium ... result of excreting sodium ... because of the sodium ... will increase potassium
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
this pump, those sodium ... outside the cell and sodium ... intracellular sodium ... intracellular sodium ... exchanged for sodium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... bicarbonate Potassium ... Hyperkalemia #management #potassium