11 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Causes #nephrology
A lazy man's classification of hyponatremia
There are two possible approaches to the diagnosis of hyponatremia: .
A lazy man's classification ... osmolality and urinary sodium ... cerebral salt wasting ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypokalemia - Osmotic ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
moving back to resting ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... : CLASS 1 - Sodium ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... the underlying cause ... patients at risk for osmotic ... up to 3x in the setting ... management #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... delivery: diuretics, osmotic ... diuresis, salt-wasting ... Low #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes