16 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Causes #nephrology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
K+ is lost via osmotic ... out of cells may cause ... Treating DKA: 1) ... tachycardia, Incr resting ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
A lazy man's classification of hyponatremia
There are two possible approaches to the diagnosis of hyponatremia: .
A lazy man's classification ... osmolality and urinary sodium ... cerebral salt wasting ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
moving back to resting ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... : CLASS 1 - Sodium ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypokalemia - Osmotic ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cause - Decreased ... gastrointestinal osmotic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... the underlying cause ... patients at risk for osmotic ... up to 3x in the setting ... management #nephrology #sodium