31 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... bladder and rectal reflex ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Pathophysiology ... stiffness, rigidity, spasm ... death - diaphragm spasm ... of superimposed spasms ... Management #treatment #neurology
Myoedema in Hypothyroidism on Physical Exam

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from the production, secretion or
is a clinical syndrome ... varied clinical symptoms ... There are several symptoms ... abolished tendon reflexes ... clinical #video #neurology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs / Symptoms ... partial retinal red reflex ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome ... • Locked-in syndrome ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... • Gag reflex ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... bulbocavernosus reflex ... wink test - reflex ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Lower Extremity Edema

Edema occurs when any of the following
• May-Thurner Syndrome ... type 1 (reflex ... • SVC syndrome ... causing compression/stasis ... #PhysicalExam #Pathophysiology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs / Symptoms ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... spine Signs / Symptoms ... of normal leg reflexes ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... Lower motor neuron symptoms ... Upper motor neuron symptoms ... involved) - Tendon reflex ... in deep tendon reflexes