16 results
Right sided ECG leads (V1R-V6R) are positioned in a mirror image fashion to the standard 12-lead
Right sided ECG ... (RV) infarcts #EM ... #Cardiology #RightSided ... #EKG #Lead #Placement ... #ALiEM
Posterior ECG leads (V7-V9) are applied by moving V4-V6 to under the left scapula.Purpose: To detect
Posterior ECG leads ... lateral wall AMI #EM ... #Cardiology #Posterior ... #EKG #Lead #Placement ... #ALiEM
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... : Paravalvular leak ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes #primary
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... attached to one head ... disease Infective endocarditis ... #diagnosis #differential ... #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
occlusion that may lead ... Infectious insult that leads ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... ↑ ESR, CRP • EKG ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
trolley and 12-lead ... ECG machine. ❷ ... Obtain a 12-lead ... consultation with cardiology ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
skin lesions, LAD ... and hepatomegaly/splenomegaly ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
Approach to ECGs ... different P waves in lead ... 200ms from longer pause ... electrocardiogram #cardiology ... #differential
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
Causes of ST Segment ... Elevation - Differential ... voltage Other Causes ... #diagnosis #cardiology ... #ecg #ekg #electrocardiogram
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... dyssynchrony which may lead ... Primary #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology