12 results
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Familial: Bartter syndrome ... and Gitelman syndrome ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypomagnesemia - ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... starts by measuring ... Renal K loss • Hypomagnesemia-induced ... #nephrology #potassium
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
Hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Causes #hypomg
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... , mild hypomagnesemia ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pump - Digoxin works ... intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... (or low potassium ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... , Hypomagnesemia ... the indicated causes ... the excretion of sodium
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
(e.g., long QT syndrome ... Sympathomimetics • Hypomagnesemia ... • Hypokalemia ... classified as: • Low ... #differential #cardiology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low