15 results
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
- Low sodium diet ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... Avoid high Protein diet ... Avoid high Protein diet ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Potomania - Low solute diet ... solute/protein diet ... • Renal Failure ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
thrombosis • Renal ... Hematuria: • Stone ... Cystitis • Bladder stones ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
pathology (e.g. strokes ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... Tea and toast” diet ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... (steatorrhea) Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... Hypercalcemic states ... medications #drugs #pharmacology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... Hypercalcemic states ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Hyperosmolar states ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
and necrosis in states ... shift • Saline Causes ... filtration - Renal ... • Saline May Cause ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... insipidus • Kidney stones ... caused by Ca2+ ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Hyperosmolar states ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology