21 results
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... abdominal pain: diagnoses ... for non-calculus causes ... urinary tract: diagnostic
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
- Differential Diagnosis ... solute/protein diet ... • Renal Failure ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... → Diagnostic of ... Hematuria: • Stone ... Cystitis • Bladder stones ... #nephrology #renal
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Differential Diagnosis ... pathology (e.g. strokes ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... Tea and toast” diet ... #Table #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Pancreatitis - Hungry bones ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Low salt in diet ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... (steatorrhea) Renal ... Hypercalcemic states ... #diagnosis #differential ... medications #drugs #pharmacology
To improve the usefulness of the serum creatinine concentration as a marker of kidney function, prediction
formulas are shown in Table ... Modification of Diet ... in Renal Disease ... seen in acute renal ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... Hypercalcemic states ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Hyperosmolar states ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology