8 results
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
protein - Low sodium ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... Protein diet ... Protein diet ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
exacerbation) - Drugs ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... Tea and toast” diet ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
Drugs associated ... - Insulin (high ... overdose) - Sodium ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Causes #hypomg
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
and necrosis in states ... shift • Saline Causes ... densa receives high ... • Saline May Cause ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... diuresis can be high ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... reactions Common Drugs ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... reactions Common Drugs ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... insipidus • Kidney stones ... caused by Ca2+ ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Table