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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia management high hypomagnesemia medications treatment comparison diuresis diuretics drugs effects excretion hypomg hyponatremia k kidney lactated low
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones Acute Managment: • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids • Facilitating passage of stone:
- Low sodium diet ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... Avoid high Protein diet ... Avoid high Protein diet ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) - Volume depletion
pathology (e.g. strokes ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... Tea and toast” diet ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... (steatorrhea) Renal ... osmotic diuresis - Potassium ... Hypercalcemic states ... medications #drugs #pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Hyperosmolar states ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Hypercalcemic states ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Hyperosmolar states ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... and necrosis in states ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Monitor potassium ... per day until stable ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
insipidus • Kidney stones ... caused by Ca2+ ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low K diet ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
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