12 results
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
- Low sodium diet ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... Avoid high Protein diet ... Avoid high Protein diet ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Potomania - Low solute diet ... solute/protein diet ... • Renal Failure ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... excretion • Acute renal ... Potassium-rich diet ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... pathology (e.g. strokes ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... Tea and toast” diet ... #Hyponatremia #Differential
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... Hematuria: • Stone ... Cystitis • Bladder stones ... #Hematuria #Differential ... causes #urology #nephrology
Nephrolithiasis: Medications Associated with Renal Stones
 • Hypercalciuria: Furosemide, Topiramate, Vitamin D/Calcium, Glucocorticoids
 • Precipitation of
Associated with Renal ... Stones • Hypercalciuria ... #Stones #pharmacology ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... - Hyperosmolar states ... deficiency • Renal ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
(steatorrhea) Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... Hypercalcemic states ... Causes #diagnosis #differential ... medications #drugs #pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... - Hyperosmolar states ... deficiency • Renal ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
steatorrhea) • Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... Hypercalcemic states ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology