21 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
S1 => Weakened stability ... XR — scotty dog sign ... MSK #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Rheumatoid Arthritis Summary
MCP and PIP Involvement, Spares DIP, Carpal Tunnel, Sicca Syndrome, Epi/Scleritis, Heart Disease, Rheumatoid
Tunnel, Sicca Syndrome ... : Atlantoaxial Instability ... , Felty's Syndrome ... #rheumatology #signs ... #symptoms
Management of Serotonin Syndrome
Identify and stop all serotoninergic medications
 • Avoid inadvertent Rx of serotoninergic meds
Management of Serotonin ... Syndrome Identify ... normalize vital signs ... illness with VS instability ... then 2 mg q2h if symptoms
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
onto lateral hip Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... : • Inability ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Charcot Joint - Neuropathic Arthropathy: Pathogenesis and Clinical findings
 • Impaired joint protection -> abnormal joint
Incr ROM, joint instability ... narrowing • Inability ... movement of limb -> Inability ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Acidosis (MALA) Pathophysiology ... also includes symptoms ... - hemodynamic instability ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #Management
Characteristic clinical manifestations of Down syndrome 
 
Typical craniofacial appearance 
 • Round face and flat
manifestations of Down syndrome ... atlanto-axial instability ... #Downs #Syndrome ... #PhysicalExam # ... Features #Signs
Keratoconus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Genetics
 • Family history of keratoconus
 • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
 • Down, Turner,
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome ... Turner, Marfan syndromes ... / Symptoms / Complications ... #Keratoconus #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... : • Pathophysiology ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... /Symptoms: - Lightheadedness ... Exhaustion: • Inability ... Irritability, Emotional instability