32 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
S1 => Weakened stability ... XR — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Rheumatoid Arthritis Summary
MCP and PIP Involvement, Spares DIP, Carpal Tunnel, Sicca Syndrome, Epi/Scleritis, Heart Disease, Rheumatoid
PIP Involvement, Spares ... : Atlantoaxial Instability ... Arthritis #RA #diagnosis ... #rheumatology #signs ... #symptoms
Causes of Bradykinetic Movement Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Parkinson's Disease (TRAP):
• Resting Tremor
• Cogwheel Rigidity
• Akinesia/Bradykinesia
•
Causes of Bradykinetic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Bradykinesia • Postural Instability ... • Cerebellar signs ... #Algorithm #Causes
Labyrinthitis 
Vestibular neuritis + unilateral hearing loss = Labyrinthitis 
1) Vertigo (severe) 
2) Gait instability 
3)
severe) 2) Gait instability ... 3) Nausea, vomiting ... Labyrinthitis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Maculopapular - Diagnostic Algorithm
Pathophysiology:
- Catch-all term with a wide range of potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and causative
Maculopapular - Diagnostic ... Algorithm Pathophysiology ... Ill-appearing, vital sign ... instability - ... Color #Targetoid #Algorithm
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
onto lateral hip Signs ... : • Inability ... Fractures #msk #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Charcot Joint - Neuropathic Arthropathy: Pathogenesis and Clinical findings
 • Impaired joint protection -> abnormal joint
Incr ROM, joint instability ... narrowing • Inability ... movement of limb -> Inability ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Myotonic Dystrophy
Typically presents in middle age with weakness of hands, legs and neck.
 - Mental deficiency
Sternocleidomastoid, Shoulder ... Myotonia occurs - inability ... Dystrophy #Myotonia #Diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... /Symptoms: - Lightheadedness ... Exhaustion: • Inability ... Irritability, Emotional instability
Humeral Avulsion of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament (HAGL)
 • Imaging Findings:
 • Large defect of the
HAGL) can be a cause ... instability from ... Differential diagnosis ... GAGL): "Reverse J sign ... clinical #Radiology #diagnosis