27 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
S1 => Weakened stability ... XR — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
micro-damage exceeds ability ... StressFractures #msk ... pathophysiology #symptoms ... #signs
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
to severity of symptoms ... STAGES of CHF (A ... that impair the ability ... III and class IV symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
onto lateral hip Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... : • Inability ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... pathophysiology #signs
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
STAGES of CHF (A ... that impair the ability ... III and class IV symptoms ... #Management #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive
Aortic Stenosis - Diagnosis and Stages

Clinical Presentation
- Exertional dyspnea
- Chest pain
- Palpitations
- HF Symptoms (orthopnea, PND,
Palpitations - HF ... Symptoms (orthopnea ... Stages #Management #Signs ... #Symptoms #Cardiology
Kussmaul's Sign on Physical Exam

What’s the diagnosis?
Severe biventeicular failure with + Kussmaul sign! NICM. No constriction!

-
Kussmaul's Sign ... with + Kussmaul sign ... time there is inability ... of right-sided HF ... clinical #video #jvp #cardiology
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... Less Typical Symptoms ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
overload -> - CHF ... Constipation - MSK ... pathophysiology #symptoms ... #signs
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
American College of Cardiology ... based solely on symptoms ... or signs of heart ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive