28 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... for renal biopsy ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified ... Algorithm #Workup #urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Causes of Hematuria ... thrombosis • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... Differential Diagnosis Renal ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #urology
Causes of Hematuria - Glomerular vs Non-glomerular

== Glomerular ==
- Glomerulonephritis 
- Thin basement membrane disease 

==
Causes of Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - Renal ... amzn.to/2LmUODZ #Hematuria ... Nonglomerular #Causes ... #Differential #Urology
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... suggest intrinsic renal ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Urology ... #Hematuria #Macroscopic
Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19
 • Neurologic: Headaches, Dizziness, Encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré, Ageusia, Myalgia, Anosmia, Stroke
 • Renal:
of COVID-19 • Neurologic ... Anosmia, Stroke • Renal ... , Proteinuria, Hematuria ... Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, Nausea ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
into the left renal ... retroperitoneal masses ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Dizziness and Vertigo Algorithm
Presyncope:
 • Feels "faint" or like they are going to "pass out"
 •
"pass out" • Symptoms ... spinning" • Symptoms ... Associated with nausea ... Dysequilibrium: • Feels unable ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... : • Triad of symptoms ... urine • Other symptoms ... per day until stable ... #treatment #nephrology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... , and possibly renal ... Features: • Many symptoms ... patients have no symptoms ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable