17 results
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
Hoffman's sign. ... this specific case ... finger. 2) Ask ... #Hoffmanns #Sign ... #Abnormal #clinical
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... leg reflexes) ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #signs
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... numbness, decreased reflexes ... tissue damage - CXR
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Hypertension Stage ... diffuse light reflex ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Pathogenesis and clinical ... bladder and rectal reflex ... . saddle anesthesia ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
renal failure Clinical ... are not caused ... e.g. incidental CXR ... anterior/posterior MSK ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
bone formation MSK ... remodeling of middle ... middle ear dysfunction ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
Pathogenesis and clinical ... inflammation of middle ... mastoid cavity as middle ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
neurological lesion: Clinical ... and signs below ... injury • Gait is abnormal ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... reflexes: Areflexia
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... a stroke that caused ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs #stages ... #staging #msk