21 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
when cART is started ... should be based on clinical ... therapy should be started ... Demyelinating disease ... caused by the JC
Lyme Disease: Early and Late Clinical manifestations
Stage 1. Localized
 • EM appears 7-14 days at the
Lyme Disease: Early ... and Late Clinical ... lymphocytic meningitis, CN ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Pott's Disease in ... extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... pulmonary TB PE ... tissue damage - CXR
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Optica (NMO) - Clinical ... involvement: Intractable nausea ... pain • Extra-CNS ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
lesion Pott's Disease ... lymphadenopathy, pulmonary ... • Caused by immune ... or abruptly • CN ... due to increased CSF
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... Coltivirus Symptoms ... • Common clinical ... Acute meningeal signs ... Singh @rav7ks #CNS
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... Typical symptoms ... Less Typical Symptoms ... → no signs of CXR ... coronary artery disease
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
renal failure Clinical ... e.g. incidental CXR ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable ... Pulmonary: dyspnea ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
has five major clinical ... fungal stain of clinical ... especially the CNS ... MC: CNS CSF: • ... India ink prep CSF
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
Hyperthyroidism Overview Clinical ... psychosis - CHF ... hyperthyroidism #causes ... endocrinology #signs ... #symptoms #thyroid