13 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Traditionally, congestive ... to severity of symptoms ... III and class IV symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Diagnosis and Causes
Clinical: Dyspnea, Exercise Intolerance, ↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms" (ascites, hepatomegaly, ↑↑peripheral edema)
Physical
↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms ... Echocardiography, Cardiac MRI ... Hyperoxaluria • Storage ... Other Glycogen Storage ... #differential #cardiology
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis
 1. Wall thickness 215 mm (TTE/CT/MRI) 
 2. Absence
Diagnosis and Management ... 215 mm (TTE/CT/MRI ... testing, LGE on MRI ... Prevention - Prevent Symptoms ... #Cardiology
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA ... #Pharmacology #Comparison ... Thiazide #CHF #Cardiology ... #Management
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
Stage D CHF is frequently ... associated with end-stage ... III and class IV symptoms ... #Management #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
American College of Cardiology ... based solely on symptoms ... who never show symptoms ... past or current symptoms ... #CHF #Congestive
Stages in the development of HF and recommended therapy by stage. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor;
recommended therapy by stage ... circulatory support; and MI ... #CHF #Congestive ... ACCAHA #Algorithm #Management ... #Cardiology
Cardiac Event Monitoring Devices - Compared
Ambulatory ECG (Hotter):
 • Advantages: Continuous recording, records asx events, all
needs to keep symptom ... needs to keep symptom ... Monitoring #Devices #Comparison ... #cardiology #management
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... Less Typical Symptoms ... x-ray: signs of congestion ... no signs of CXR congestion ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management
Pacemaker Placement Indications
Class I:
 • Third degree block
 • Advanced 2nd degree block
 • Symptomatic Mobitz
compromise • Bi/Tri-fascicular ... Mobitz I without symptoms ... Indications #PPM #cardiology ... #management