26 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
interarticularis stress ... (Stork test) ... XR — scotty dog sign ... MSK #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Primary hypoadrenalism (Addison’s disease) – symptoms, signs

#Diagnosis #Hypoadrenalism #Addisons #Disease #Hypoadrenalism #Signs #Symptoms

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
Primary hypoadrenalism ... (Addison’s disease ... ) – symptoms, signs ... Hypoadrenalism #Signs ... GrepMed Recommended Text
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
Leukemia) • GI diseases ... liver or kidney disease ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Insufficiency Addison's Disease ... vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Cortisol Deficiency: Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... endocrinology #diagnosis #signs
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... / Symptoms: - ... Sjogrens #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... rare, gestational diseases ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... impaction - Stress ... Contraction - Signs ... or spinal cord disease ... DIAPPERS #Mnemonic #Geriatrics
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... chromosome 21) Signs ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... #geriatrics #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Brudzinski’s Sign ... While the pathophysiology ... despite severe disease ... Clinical #Video #PhysicalExam ... #Pediatrics #Peds
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
intervertebral disc disease ... Straight Leg Raise Test ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK #pathophysiology ... differential #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms